Question 1 of 10
Which organelle is labeled X in the cell diagram below?
AGolgi apparatus
BMitochondria
CNucleus
DEndoplasmic reticulum
Explanation
📌 Organelle X has the bean-shaped structure with inner folds (cristae) → Mitochondria
Mitochondria = powerhouse of the cell = produces ATP through cellular respiration
C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ → 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + ATP
Mitochondria = powerhouse of the cell = produces ATP through cellular respiration
C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ → 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + ATP
Question 2 of 10
A scientist measures the growth of bacteria at different temperatures. The temperature is the:
Aconstant
Bindependent variable
Cdependent variable
Dcontrol variable
Explanation
📌 Temperature is what the scientist controls/changes → independent variable.
Bacteria growth is what is measured → dependent variable.
Bacteria growth is what is measured → dependent variable.
Question 3 of 10
In a controlled experiment, what is the independent variable?
AThe variable that is measured
BThe control group
CThe variable that stays constant
DThe variable that is deliberately changed
Explanation
📌 The independent variable is what the scientist deliberately changes/manipulates.
The dependent variable is what is measured as a result.
The dependent variable is what is measured as a result.
Question 4 of 10
Which organelle is responsible for producing energy (ATP) in the cell?
AGolgi apparatus
BNucleus
CMitochondria
DRibosome
Explanation
📌 Mitochondria = 'powerhouse of the cell'
They convert glucose + oxygen → ATP through cellular respiration.
They convert glucose + oxygen → ATP through cellular respiration.
Question 5 of 10
Which graph correctly shows exponential growth?
AB
BA
CBoth
DNeither
Explanation
📌 Exponential growth = J-shaped curve (slow start, rapid increase)
Linear growth = straight line (constant rate)
Graph A shows exponential growth.
Linear growth = straight line (constant rate)
Graph A shows exponential growth.
Question 6 of 10
Which of the following is the BEST example of a hypothesis?
APlants need water
BPhotosynthesis is a very important process for living things on Earth
CEvery single plant that exists is green in color without any exception
DIf plants receive more sunlight, then they will grow taller
Explanation
📌 A hypothesis is a testable, specific prediction.
The if-then statement about sunlight and plant height is testable and specific. A simple need statement, a broad value judgment, or a sweeping generalization cannot be tested the same way.
The if-then statement about sunlight and plant height is testable and specific. A simple need statement, a broad value judgment, or a sweeping generalization cannot be tested the same way.
Question 7 of 10
What is the function of the cell membrane?
AProduces the energy that the entire cell needs to survive
BStores all of the cell's genetic information and DNA
CBuilds and assembles all of the cell's various proteins
DControls what enters and exits the cell
Explanation
📌 The cell membrane is selectively permeable — it controls what enters and exits the cell.
It is made of a phospholipid bilayer. Storing genetic information is the nucleus's job, producing energy is the mitochondrion's, and building proteins is done by ribosomes.
It is made of a phospholipid bilayer. Storing genetic information is the nucleus's job, producing energy is the mitochondrion's, and building proteins is done by ribosomes.
Question 8 of 10
Which structure is found in plant cells but NOT in animal cells?
ACell membrane
BRibosomes
CCell wall
DMitochondria
Explanation
📌 Plant cells have: cell wall, chloroplasts, large central vacuole.
Animal cells do NOT have these.
Animal cells do NOT have these.
Question 9 of 10
The DNA double helix is shown. Which base pairs are correctly bonded?
AAll bases pair with each other freely
BA pairs with C, and T pairs with G
CA pairs with G, and T pairs with C
DA pairs with T, and G pairs with C
Explanation
In DNA, complementary base pairing is strict: Adenine (A) – Thymine (T) via 2 hydrogen bonds; Guanine (G) – Cytosine (C) via 3 hydrogen bonds.
Question 10 of 10
Which tool would be MOST appropriate for measuring the volume of a liquid?
ARuler
BGraduated cylinder
CBalance
DThermometer
Explanation
📌 A graduated cylinder is specifically designed for precise liquid volume measurement.
Beakers and flasks are for mixing, not precise measurement.
Beakers and flasks are for mixing, not precise measurement.